The Francis turbine housing is completely filled with water, which ensures that all the impeller blades are subjected to the same force. The power output of a Francis turbine depends on the water flow rate and the angle at which the water strikes the impeller blades.
To regulate the water flow, the turbine is equipped with adjustable blades installed inside the casing. These blades are interconnected through a mechanism called the guide vane system. By adjusting the position of the guide vanes, the power of the turbine can be controlled.
The turbine shaft can be installed either vertically or horizontally. Francis turbines are typically used for medium-head applications, with water heads ranging from 10 to 400 meters. Their efficiency can reach up to 93%.
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